进入21世纪以来，随着一体化遭遇挫折，民粹主义思潮、反全球化运动在各国风起云涌，欧洲文明面临着严重威胁。英国的脱欧公投、法国国民阵线的复兴与“黄马甲运动”的蔓延、意大利右翼民粹主义政党联合执政等“黑天鹅事件”，不仅挑战着陷入困境的欧洲民主制度，而且影响到欧洲一体化的未来走向。当今欧洲各国政治乱象，从本质来看，是新一轮反全球化运动复兴的标志。这既反映出各国民粹主义与精英政治的对立，也折射出全球化背景下国家治理与全球/欧洲治理之间的冲突。民粹主义与反全球化的政治乱象，与欧洲一体化相伴而行，但从其主流走向来看，它不太可能颠覆或逆转一体化进程，而是会以一种纠偏、纠错或制衡的方式，推动欧洲一体化朝着公正、普惠、共赢的方向迈进。

 Since the 21st century when European integration got into trouble, populism and antiglobalization have been rolling on with full force and posing a grave menace to European civilization since World War II. A series of “black swan” incidents, such as Brexit Referendum, the revival of Front National and the Yellow Vests’ protests in France as well as the coalition government with right-wing populist parties in Italy, not only challenge the European democracy, but also endanger the future of European integration. The political chaos in European countries marks a new round of anti-globalization movement’s revival, which reflects both the confrontation between populism and elitism as well as the conflict between national and global / European governance under the background of globalization. The political chaos of populism and anti globalization which are very closely associated with European integration, in the mainstream, is not likely to overturn or reverse this integration process. There is a good chance that the chaos would, though possibly in a way of rectifying deviation or striking balance, promote European integration in the direction of achieving justice, universal benefit and a win-win situation.