摘要： 2019年10月28—31日，中国共产党十九届四中全会召开，全会对坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化作出重大战略部署。其中，“人民代表大会制度是中国特色社会主义制度的重要组成部分，也是支撑中国国家治理体系和治理能力的根本政治制度”。推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，不能不坚持好、完善好、发展好人民代表大会制度，这也是学术界需要研究的重大课题。为探讨新时代如何进一步坚持、完善和发展好人民代表大会制度，由上海市社会科学界联合会与上海市人大常委会研究室联合主办，《探索与争鸣》编辑部承办的“国家治理视野下的人民代表大会制度发展与完善暨地方设立人大常委会40周年”学术研讨会在上海召开。
刘世军主任从治理文明的角度，分析了中国国家治理现代化的理论逻辑、历史逻辑和实践逻辑,并认为中国国家治理大厦的“四梁八柱”已经基本成型。沈国明教授认为，地方人大立法历经40年，取得了很大成就，也遇到一些新问题，应在立法过程中坚持做到科学立法、民主立法，考虑立法的实效性与可执行性，做到立法立一件、成一件。浦兴祖教授认为，人大制度的主要优势就在于人民当家做主，其中蕴含“双重委托”“双重监督”的逻辑意蕴，其主要优势在于人民通过行使国家权力实现当家作主。要使人大制度的优势更好转换为国家治理效能，就要继续完善人大制度，坚持党的领导、自觉联系群众、认真执行制度、重视制度间关系。胡伟教授认为，处理好党和人大的关系，是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的关键，应从规范意义上辨明党和人大的制度性关系，充分发挥人大制度作为代议民主基本制度安排的功用。程竹汝教授认为，人大及其常委会的工作机关建设应该聚焦“补短板”事项，即营造和强化与人大及其常委会工作机关建设相适应的履职氛围，重视人大履职过程中“行动者”的责任机制建设，切实强化适应新时代要求的人大监督工作。朱应平教授认为，党要支持和保证人大及其常委会切实依法行使职权，党组织要及时有效地推动、支持和保证国家机关立法，支持地方人大及其常委会及时行使决定权，保障地方人大常委会依法行使好监督权。杨建党副教授认为，人大应该通过完善选举制度、优化代表结构和素质、加强与选民和选区的联系等形式实现“会意”，为国家治理现代化之“大任”作出积极贡献。汪伟全教授认为，新时代国家安全对于人大职能提出了新挑战，人大职能与国家安全之间有内在的逻辑关联，应该通过发展人大职能来保障和实现国家安全。

Abstract:

To promote the modernization of the national governance system and capacity, we must adhere to improve and develop the People’s Congress system, which is also an important issue for the academic community to study.

Liu Shijun analyzed the theoretical logic, historical logic and practical logic of China’s national governance modernization from the perspective of governance civilization.Professor Shen Guoming believes that after 40 years of legislation, local people’s congresses have made great achievements and encountered some new problems. We should adhere to scientific and democratic legislation in the process of legislation. Professor Pu Xingzu believes that the main advantages of the People’s Congress system lies in that the people are the masters of the country, which contains the logic implication of “double entrustment” and “double supervision”. Professor Hu Wei believes that to deal with the relationship between the Party and the People’s Congress is the key to promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. We should adhere to the organic unity of the Partys leadership, the people ’ s ownership and ’ the rule of law. Professor Cheng Zhuru believes that the construction of the working organs of the People’s Congress and its Standing Committee should focus on the issue of “making up for shortcomings”. Professor Zhu Yingping believes that the ruling party should support and ensure that the People’s Congress and its Standing Committee effectively exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the law. According to Yang Jiandang, the People’s Congress should make a positive contribution to the modernization of national governance by improving the electoral system, optimizing the representative structure and quality, etc. Professor Wang Weiquan believes that national security in the new era poses new challenges to the functions of the People’s Congress, which should be guaranteed and realized through the development of the functions of the People’s Congress.