摘要：
尽管自动化数字设备会毁灭制造业的低端岗位，但由于数字技术设备与高技能人才存在互补关系，技术同时将创造出高技能生产性服务业就业岗位；高技能人才收入提高后引致的闲暇生活需要，亦将产生更多低技能生活性服务业就业岗位。零工经济和企业共享用工及劳动者多职业就业等新就业形态，也提升了服务业劳动力市场的灵活性和配置效率，从而可能提升社会总体福利水平。但是，这些新就业形态正在对既有劳动法律关系带来挑战，存在恶化低技能服务业从业者的劳动力市场地位并降低其工资和福利水平的趋势。短期内由于数字技术对制造业就业的毁灭（替代效应）大于对服务业就业的创造（还原效应），这一趋势还将加重，从而引发收入两极分化现象。在新冠肺炎疫情冲击下，充分发挥数字技术对服务业的就业创造和福利提升功能,需要政府采取鼓励多业态多模式就业的政策，包括改善教育和促进创业创新，同时也要完善劳动合同立法、执法和改进再分配政策。
关键词:
数字技术,
服务业就业,
新就业形态,
平台公司,
劳动合同关系,
再分配
Abstract:
Automatic digital equipment will destroy the low-end jobs in manufacturing industry.
However, due to the complementary relationship between digital technology equipment and high skilled
personnel, technology will create high skilled productive service industry jobs; the leisure life needs
caused by the increase of high skilled personnel’s income will also generate more low skilled life service
industry jobs. The new employment pattern improves the flexibility and allocation efficiency of the labor
market in the service industry, which may improve the overall social welfare level. However, these new
forms of employment are bringing challenges to the existing labor legal relations, and there is a tendency
to worsen the labor market status of low skilled service workers and reduce their wages and welfare levels.
Key words:
赵昱名, 黄少卿. 数字经济与新型就业 | 创造抑或毁灭：数字技术对服务业就业的双向影响[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2020(11): 160-168.
Zhao Yuming & Huang Shaoqing.
Creation or Destruction: The Two-way Impact of Digital Technology on Employment in Service
Industry
[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2020(11): 160-168.