摘要:
近期,《个人信息保护法(草案)》(以下简称《草案》)公布,并公开征求公众意见。当前,全球各国都在经历数字化转型,数据,尤其是以个人信息为主的数据,正成为新的生产要素,并被赋予了巨大的经济和社会价值。个人信息的开发和应用,已经成为数字时代经济发展和社会治理的重要模式。但同时,新技术、新模式的发展,也带来了个人信息的过度采集、滥用、“大数据杀熟”等一系列问题,从而对个人信息安全造成了严重威胁,并引发了各类社会风险。以《草案》的出台为契机,反思我国个人信息保护和利用中存在的问题,为实践提供具有中国智慧的制度方案,具有深远意义。上海社会科学院互联网研究中心日前主办“数字时代个人信息保护的中国方案”学术研讨会,本刊在会议研讨的基础上约请多领域学者撰文,期望通过多学科、多视角的研讨,促进个人信息保护立法的进一步完善,为数字时代的经济与社会发展营造良好的制度环境。
申卫星教授认为,《草案》的出台具有鲜明的时代特征,能够构建个人信息权利体系,维护网络空间良好生态,保障网络强国和数字中国建设,推动数字经济健康可持续发展。周汉华研究员认为,《草案》体现了中国式的立法智慧,坚持立足国情与借鉴国际经验相结合。但同时,《草案》进一步的努力方向在于,不能将立法阶段的难题后移,立法工作要做“铁榔头”,集中解决矛盾焦点。高富平教授认为,要制定一部促进个人信息流通利用的《个人信息保护法》,重点在于将个人信息保护提升到基本人权保护的层面,建立个人信息流通利用或再利用的合法渠道。赵光副处长指出,要从全球数据治理的角度出发,考量各种国际国内因素,以积极参与全球数据治理的姿态进一步完善《草案》。程金华教授认为,要在分析个人、政府、企业三个相关利益者核心利益的基础上,通过建构“正面清单”“负面清单”以及规则博弈机制,实现个人信息保护与利用的利益平衡。郑磊教授分析了政府在参与数据治理中的两种角色,即政策制定者和数据使用者,指出政府自身也是数据的用户,也要受到信息法规的约束。崔聪聪副教授从《草案》第44条关于个人信息限制处理权的规定出发,认为个人信息限制处理权既能中止滥用个人信息行为,也能够避免个人信息主体仓促行使删除权。《草案》中的限制处理权应当包括适用条件、程序和限制处理之解除等要素。胡凌副教授认为,个人信息具有外部性,个体倾向于披露对其有利的消息而隐瞒对其不利的消息,从熟人社会过渡到现代社会,道德和舆论等社会规范效用降低,因此需要借助信息基础设施来确保适当的个人信息披露。柳雁军认为,《草案》对于塑造用户对数字产业的信任,建立权责明确的个人信息保护秩序,加强国际合作交流会产生积极影响,但在个人信息定义、自动化决策条款、行政治理体系以及法律责任部分需要进一步完善。
——主持人 孙冠豪 杜运泉 陈吉栋
Abstract:
Recently, the“Personal Information Protection Law (Draft)”was published and public
opinions were solicited. At present, the world is experiencing the background of digital transformation.
Data, especially the data based on personal information, is becoming a new factor of production and
has been endowed with great economic and social value. At the same time, the development of new
technology and new mode has also brought about a series of problems, such as excessive collection and
abuse of personal information, and“big data killing”, which pose a serious threat to personal information
security and cause various social risks. It is of far-reaching significance to reflect on the problems existing
in the protection and utilization of personal information in China and to provide institutional solutions with Chinese wisdom for practice.
Professor Shen Weixing believes that the promulgation of the draft can build a system of personal
information rights, maintain a good ecological environment in cyberspace, safeguard the construction
of a network power and digital China, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of digital
economy. Researcher Zhou Hanhua believes that the draft embodies the Chinese style legislative
wisdom, but the legislation should focus on solving the contradictions. Professor Gao Fuping believes
that in order to formulate a law to promote the circulation and utilization of personal information, the
key is to upgrade the protection of personal information to the level of basic human rights protection,
and establish legal channels for the circulation and utilization of personal information. Deputy
director Zhao Guang believes that we should proceed and consider from the perspective of global
data governance. Professor Cheng Jinhua believes that“positive list”“negative list”and rule game
mechanism should be constructed. Professor Zheng Lei analyzed the two roles of the government in
participating in data governance, namely, policy makers and data users. Liu Yanjun believes that the draft
needs to be further strengthened in the definition of personal information, automatic decision-making
provisions, administrative governance system and legal liability. Associate professor Hu Ling believes
that information infrastructure is needed to ensure proper disclosure of personal information. Associate
professor Cui Congcong believes that the right to restrict the processing of personal information can not
only stop the abuse of personal information, but also prevent the subject of personal information from
exercising the right of deletion in a hurry.
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数字时代个人信息保护的中国方案(申卫星,周汉华,高富平,赵光,程金华,郑磊,崔聪聪,胡凌,柳雁军)
[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2020(11): 4-32.
Shen Weixing & Zhou Hanhua & Gao Fuping & Zhao Guang & Cheng Jinhua & Zheng Lei & Cui Congcong & Hu Ling & Liu Yanjun.
Chinese Scheme of Personal Information Protection in Digital Era
[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2020(11): 4-32.