摘要： 近年来，美国知识界日渐弥漫着一种盛世危言：美国自由主义处于危机之中。美国自由主义的危机根源于两大病症，一是民粹主义的外部病症，二是身份政治的内部病症。马克·里拉认为，身份政治的问题是没有公民政治。因此，他号召从身份政治转向公民政治，从身份自由主义转向公民自由主义。但是，里拉的公民政治方案的问题是没有身份政治。身份自由主义是没有公民政治的身份政治，而公民自由主义是没有身份政治的公民政治。两者都割裂了身份政治与公民政治之间的密切关联。一种更好的解决方案是公共自由主义。公共自由主义的优越性在于，它既是有公民政治的身份政治，也是有身份政治的公民政治。

关键词: 身份政治, 公民政治, 身份自由主义, 公民自由主义, 公共自由主义

Abstract:  In recent years, American intelligentsia has been permeated with an idea that American liberalism is in crisis. The crisis of American liberalism is rooted in two aspects: one is the external disease of populism, the other is the internal disease of identity politics. Mark Lilla believes that the problem of identity politics is that there is no civil politics. Therefore, he called for the transition from identity politics to civil politics and from identity liberalism to civil liberalism. But the problem with Lilla’s civil politics program is that there is no identity politics. Identity liberalism is identity politics without identity politics, and citizenship liberalism is citizenship politics without identity politics. Both of them have separated the close relationship between identity politics and civil politics. A better solution is public liberalism. The advantage of public liberalism is that it is not only identity politics with citizenship politics, but also citizenship politics with identity politics.

Key words:  identity politics, citizenship politics, identity liberalism, citizenship liberalism, public liberalism