摘要： 新中国成立以来，我国城市与农村先后经历了较为严重的工业污染。城乡工业污染产生和延续的原因可以放在系统且逻辑严密框架中进行比较：其一，城市、农村差异型的工业化发展脉络导致工业污染产生；其二，城乡社会结构、消费结构变化脉络引起工业污染加剧；其三，社会转型、人口流动的社会变迁轨迹使得工业污染治理艰难。基于工业化、社会与消费结构和人口变迁对比视角，城乡工业污染产生与延续原因具有内在同源性，其均由从中央到农村的垂直治理结构积蓄的国家力量引发，从而形成城乡二元通体的解释理路。在此基础上，坚持政府主力引导，以知识创新型企业和大数据制度为发展方向，纵向连通城市和农村的污染防治，或许可以为城乡工业污染治理提供本土化思路。

关键词: 城乡工业污染, 二元通体, 垂直治理系统, 创新型企业, 大数据制度

Abstract: Since the founding of the people’s Republic of China, urban and rural areas have experienced relatively serious industrial pollution. The causes of urban and rural industrial pollution can be compared in a systematic and logical framework. Firstly, industrial pollution is caused by the di?erent development of industrialization in urban and rural areas; secondly, industrial pollution is aggravated by the change of social structure and consumption structure in urban and rural areas; thirdly, the social transformation and population ?ow make it di?cult to control industrial pollution. Based on the comparative perspective of industrialization, social and consumption structure and population change, the causes of industrial pollution in urban and rural areas have internal homology. Adhering to the main guidance of the government, taking knowledge innovation oriented enterprises and big data system as the development direction, and vertically connecting urban and rural pollution prevention and control, may provide local ideas for urban and rural industrial pollution control. 

Key words: urban and rural industrial pollution, dual integration, vertical governance system, innovative enterprise, big data system