摘要： 公共健康伦理问题的核心是个人权利与公共善的博弈。在两者的伦理博弈过程中，政府 充当了中间的利益调和者角色。个体在实现积极个人权利的过程中，如不进行正当性考 察，可能会造成对公共善的实际损害（或倾向）；政府为了保护公共善，促进公共健康， 可能会有意或无意侵犯到公众的消极个人权利。2020 年的新冠肺炎疫情暴露了不同类 型的个人权利与公共善的伦理博弈情境：个人权利与公共善的伦理博弈存在四大基本类 型；不同职业、不同受教育程度、不同月收入水平的公众对同一情境的道德态度存在差异。 政府在行使权力、保护促进公共健康时，应根据伦理博弈类型来全面、合理对待个人权利， 把握好个人权利与公共善的道德边界，维护博弈的良性循环，以实现公共善。 

关键词: 公共健康伦理, 个人权利, 公共善, 伦理博弈, 道德边界, 新冠肺炎

Abstract: The core of public health ethics is the game between individual rights and public good. In the course of the ethics game, the government has acted as a mediator of interests. If people do not conduct legitimate investigations in the realization of personal rights, they may cause actual damage (or tendency) to public good. Meanwhile, in order to protect public good and promote public health, government may violate individual rights intentionally or unintentionally. Four basic types of ethical game between individual rights and public good are exposed by Covid-19 in 2020. People may hold di?erent moral attitudes towards the same situation with di?erent occupations, education levels and  income levels. When exercising power and promoting public health, the government should protect individual rights comprehensively and reasonably according to the types of ethics game, de?ne the moral boundary between them, and maintain the virtuous circle of the game to realize public good. 

Key words: public health ethics, individual rights, public good, ethics game, moral boundary, COVID-19