摘要： 以 1851 年第一届国际卫生大会的召开为开端，国际社会通过颁行一系列国际卫生公 约、协定或条例，创设防疫机制和平台，研发防治药物和疫苗，形成了现行的以跨国 行动、全球治理为核心的疫情防控体系。其间，国际公共卫生办公室、国际联盟卫生 组织、世界卫生组织相继担任了疫情防控工作的技术咨询者和跨国行动计划的倡导者、 领导者、协调者、实施者，成功推动了全球卫生防疫体系理念、方式、范围和原则的 建立和完善。当前，世界卫生组织领导下的全球卫生防疫合作，正在进入既相对尊重各国国家主权又要求参与运作的国家必须放弃部分主权的“跨国主义”模式。但这种 理论模型面对实践的考验还存在诸多不确定性甚至脆弱性。世界卫生组织既需要借助 全球卫生实践活动重塑其治理结构，积极推动全球卫生治理的多元共治新模式，更需 要各国政府赋权赋能积极配合，从而实现全球卫生防疫体系理论设计与实践行动的互洽，协同打好“全球战疫”。

关键词: 全球卫生防疫体系, 疫病防治, 国际组织, 世界卫生组织 

Abstract: Starting with the convening of the ?rst International Sanitary Conference in 1851, the international community has formed the epidemic prevention and control system with transnational actions and global governance as the core, through a variety of ways like enacting a series of international sanitary conventions, agreements or regulations, creating epidemic prevention systems and platforms, and developing preventive and therapeutic medicine and vaccines. In the meantime, the O?ce International d’Hygiène Publique, the League of Nations Health Organization, and the World Health Organization have successively served as technical consultants for epidemic prevention and control, as well as advocates, leaders, coordinators, and implementers of transnational actions, thus causing the epidemic governance system to shift from regional scope to international and then to global scope. At present, the collaboration in global health and epidemic prevention under the leadership of the World Health Organization is entering a “transnationalism” mode which relatively respects the sovereignty of countries and also requires the participating countries to give up partial sovereign rights. However, there are still many uncertainties when this theoretical model is in practice. The World Health Organization needs to reshape its governance structure with the help of global health initiatives and programs, promote the multi-subject co-governance new model of global health governance, and also call for the active cooperation of governments of di?erent countries, so as to realize the theoretical design of global epidemic governance system in real practice, and win the battle against epidemics globally. 

Key words: global epidemic governance system, epidemic prevention and control, international organizations, the World Health Organization