摘要： 通过对“古典释义学”和“现代阐释学”的解读以及对作家与文本“误读”效应的分析，比照中国现当代文学批评史，尤其是近 40 年来的文学批评，可以发现，对阐释的有限和无限机制的忽略及对批评价值观的游移，导致了中国现当代文学批评方法单一化。重视批评的多元性和宽容性问题，探讨如何正确对待阐释学中的“误读”这一历史性难题，有助于推进重建文学批评方法论，并在文学批评史重估的过程中谋求阐释的多样性。

关键词: 阐释学, 正读, 误读, 中国现当代文学批评史, 单一性, 多元性

Abstract: Through the interpretation of “classical hermeneutics” and “modern hermeneutics” and the analysis of the effect of “misreading” of writers and texts, this paper compares the history of modern and contemporary Chinese literary criticism, especially the literary criticism in the past 40 years. It can be found that the neglect of the limited and in?nite mechanism of interpretation and the shift of critical values lead to the simpli?cation of the methods of Chinese modern and contemporary literary criticism. Paying attention to the pluralism and tolerance of criticism, and discussing how to deal with the historical problem of “misreading” in hermeneutics correctly will help to promote the reconstruction of literary criticism methodology and seek for the diversity of interpretation in the process of re-evaluation of literary criticism history. 

Key words: hermeneutics, positive reading, misreading, history of modern and contemporary Chinese literary criticism, oneness, pluralism