摘要：

在当今世界，军事实力仍是国家综合国力的重要组成部分，军事工业的强弱直接影响着国家的军事实力。美国和苏联曾是20世纪的两大强国，但结局和命运并不相同。其重要原因之一在于美国走的是军民融合之路，军事技术很快应用到民用工业，苏联则是各成体系，军事工业与民用工业相分离。在指导思想上，苏联向来重军工轻民用，没有军民融合发展的思想，而是民用工业服从和服务于军事工业。其实践的结果是军事工业一枝独秀，成了整个国民经济的吸血鬼。苏联长期过高估计外部世界的战争危险，是其过分重视军事工作的重要原因，计划经济体制也有助于国家实施其大规模发展军备与美国进行军备竞赛的计划。　

关键词:

Abstract: In today’s world, military strength is still an important part of a country’s comprehensive national power. The strength of military industry directly affects a country’s military power. The United States and the Soviet Union were two great powers in the 20th century, but their outcomes and destinies were different. One of the important reasons is that the United States took the road of civil-military integration, and military technology was quickly applied to civilian industries, while the Soviet Union had its own systems, and military industries were separated from civilian industries. In terms of guiding ideology, the Soviet Union always valued military industry over civilian industry. There is no idea of civil- military integration development. Its civil industry is subordinate to and serves military industry. The result of its practice is that the military industry has become the vampire of the whole national economy. The Soviet Union overestimated the danger of war in the outside world for a long time, which was an important reason why it attached too much importance to military work. The planned economic system also helped the country to implement its plan of large-scale arms development and arms race with the United States. In the process of building a military power, China needs to take lessons from the Soviet Union.?

Key words: Soviet Union, civil-military integration, military industry, arms race, planned economy