摘要： 一个时期以来，新发传染病频频爆发，全球生态风险高位运行。建构在人口与生态辩证统一关系基础上的人口生态学，是重新审视和诊疗新发传染病的一个重要视角。人类与新发传染病的斗争史表明，人口生态系统平衡关系受损是人类生态危机的根源，关系修复是防控新发传染病的重要途径。新冠疫情发生以来不绝于耳的“群体免疫”主张，对人口效应的认识简单片面，低估了生态效应的负反馈调节能力，亦不能根治人口与生态关系失衡问题。对于人类而言，人口生态优化发展或许是最好的预防传染病的疫苗。

关键词: 新发传染病, 人口生态学, 人口生态优化, 群体免疫, 可持续发展

Abstract: For a period of time, new infectious diseases broke out frequently, and the global ecological risk was very high. Population ecology is an important perspective to re-examine and diagnose new infectious diseases. The history of human struggle against new infectious diseases shows that the damage of population ecosystem balance is the root cause of human ecological crisis, and relationship repair is an important way to prevent and control emerging infectious diseases. Since novel coronavirus pneumonia has occurred, the idea of“group immunity”appeared. It has a simple understanding of the population effect, underestimated the negative feedback regulation ability of the ecological effect, and can not cure the imbalance between population and ecology. For human beings, the optimal development of population ecology may be the best vaccine to prevent infectious diseases.

Key words: emerging infectious diseases, population ecology, population ecology optimization, population immunity, sustainable development