摘要：
从认知心理学视角看，人对某一概念的认知存在认知可得性和认知一致性两个层次，前者是后者的基础。既有的关于中国民众民主观的研究存在“民本主义”“社会主义”“监护式民主”等不同见解，但都忽视了民众对民主是否具有足够的认知以及这些认知是否具有稳定的、逻辑连贯一致的结构。依据2015年和2019年“中国城乡社会治理调查”项目数据，可以从民众对民主概念的认知可得性以及对抽象民主原则与具体民主观的认知一致性两个层面，对中国民众的民主认知进行重新测量与评估。统计结果显示，中国民众对不同层面的民主特征的认知可得性较低，且存在认知不一致和认知模糊等认知状态。这意味着，中国民众对民主的认知和理解呈现出一种碎片化的状态，中国的民主政治建设仍然任重道远。
关键词:
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民主价值观｜认知可得性｜认知一致性｜中国民主
Abstract:
From the perspective of cognitive psychology, people’s cognition of a concept has two levels:
cognitive availability and cognitive consistency, and the former is the basis of the latter. The existing
studies on the Chinese people’s concept of democracy have different opinions such as“people-oriented”, “socialism”and“guardianship democracy”, but these studies ignore whether the people have enough
understanding of democracy and whether these cognitions have a stable and logically coherent structure.
The statistical results show that the Chinese people have low cognitive availability of democratic
characteristics at different levels, and there are cognitive states such as cognitive inconsistency and
cognitive ambiguity. This means that the Chinese people have not yet formed a dominant concept of
democracy, which is still far from the requirements of socialist democratic political construction with
Chinese characteristics. China’s democratic political construction still has a long way to go.
Key words:
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democratic values｜cognitive availability｜cognitive consistency｜Chinese democracy
马得勇, 黄敏璇.
可得性与一致性——认知心理学视角下中国民众民主观再审视
[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(10): 108-119.
Ma Deyong & Huang Minxuan.
Availability and Consistency——Re-examination of Chinese People’s Concept of Democracy from the Perspective of
Cognitive Psychology
[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(10): 108-119.