摘要：
在新政—民权政体下，美国宪法形成了人们熟悉的两大阵营划分：自由派运用活宪法主义主张司法能动，保守派运用原旨主义主张司法节制。然而，这一阵营划分并非一成不变，而是会随着政体变迁发生改变，只不过宪法上的变化通常会滞后于政治。在里根政体下，两大阵营已出现了松动迹象。随着共和党主导的里根政体进入末期，两大阵营调整甚至重组的可能将进一步加大。特别是如果新的政体由民主党主宰，美国可能会出现“第二进步时代”，而新政早期总统与最高法院的冲突可能重现。
关键词:
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美国宪法｜活宪法主义｜原旨主义｜司法能动｜司法节制
Abstract:
The“Two Blocs”in the U.S. constitution—liberals use living constitutionalism and uphold
judicial activism on one hand, conservatives use originalism and uphold judicial restraint on the other
hand—was formed under the new deal-civil rights regime. This division is contingent and dynamic
instead of static, it changes when the regime changes. Under the reagan regime, such change had
already occurred; and as the reagan regime is in the twilight of its life, the possibility of adjustment or
even realignment is increasing. In particular, if the new regime is dominated by Democrats, the Second Progressive era may emerge and the clash between supreme court and president may also appear.
Key words:
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U.S. Constitution｜living constitutionalism｜originalism｜judicial activism｜judicial restraint
左亦鲁. 重识中国与世界（三十二）｜“两大阵营”的划分及其变迁——政体视角下的美国宪法与最高法院[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(10): 97-107.
Zuo Yilu.
The Dirision and Changes of “the Two Blocs”——The U.S. Constitution and Supreme Court from the Perspective of Regime
[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(10): 97-107.