摘要：
指标是当代社会生活、国家治理与国际治理中一种引人注目的现象。它具有决策工具与治理技术两重属性。作为决策工具，指标的产生源于人类生活中内含的价值不确定性，这种不确定性导致人们无法在不同选项间作出理性的选择。出于理性决策的需要，人们就发明了指标，通过指标来对所有选项进行通约、比较和排序，进而作出符合计算式理性的决策。在这个过程中，某些指标获得了承认式权威，并由此从决策工具变成了治理技术。作为决策技术，指标通常由技术专家发明，却超越了技术专家的控制；它们由某些具体治理关系中的治理者使用，但这些治理者往往也受其他指标的约束。随着指标的普遍应用，我们似乎终于迎来了一种没有明确治理者的治理模式，但同时，在这种模式中，每个人仍然都是被治理者。只不过，人们现在似乎不再被具体的人治理，而是被各种各样的指标治理。
关键词:
指标 ,
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决策工具 ,
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治理技术 ,
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国家治理 ,
,
国际治理
Abstract:
Indicators are widely used by individuals, states and international institutions nowadays. It is both a kind
of decision tool and a kind of governing technology. As decision tool, it rise from the value uncertainty of human
life, which makes it very hard for people to make rational choice without adequate decision tools. So, people invent
indicators to help make decisions. Then, some indicators are recognized as authoritative and thus become governing
technology. They are invented by technical experts, but they are not controlled by those experts; they are used by
governors in governing relations, but those governors are regulated by other indicators too. In the world of indicators, everyone is governed by indicators.
Key words:
张乾友.
[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(2): 107-116.
Zhang Qianyou.
The Rise of “Governance by Indicators” and Its Logic of Governing
[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(2): 107-116.