摘要：
当代西方国家的选举已经进入技术密集型的新时期，围绕选民个体数据展开的“算法军备竞赛”成为影响选举成败的关键。算法瞄准是运用前沿的智能技术精准地对选民施加政治影响。算法瞄准的核心技术过程包括：选民数据的采集和预处理；选民分类、模式识别和算法预测；选民瞄准和个性化动员。算法瞄准正在重塑西方的选举政治生态，导致选举民主的多重异化，集中体现在：信息操弄和选民操控；消极竞选和政治极化；政治代表性偏差和“回应-问责”失灵。随着算法瞄准的不断升级和无限制使用，通过投票聚合选民偏好从而选出政府回应选民需求并接受选民问责的民主链条将出现裂痕，甚至危及民主政治的健康运转。西方各国意识到算法治理的重要性，致力于构建多圈层的复合治理结构，但当前困难重重。
Abstract:
A new era of technology-intensive campaigning has emerged in the electoral terrain of contemporary
western democracies, where the use of algorithms focusing on voters’data has become the key to determine
the outcome of electoral competition. Algorithmic microtargeting is an electoral tool that is characterized
by the application of cutting-edge information technology to precisely exert political influence on targeted
individual voters. The pivotal technical processes of algorithmic microtargeting, including: the collection
and preprocessing of voter data; voter profiling, pattern recognition and algorithmic prediction; voter micro-
targeting and personalized electoral mobilization. Algorithmic microtargeting is reshaping the political ecology of elections in the west, leading to multiple alienations of electoral democracy.
王中原.
算法瞄准如何重塑西方选举——算法时代的选举异化及其治理
[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(5): 119-130.
Wang Zhongyuan.
How Algorithmic Microtargeting Reshapes Western Elections——Election Alienation and Its Governance in the Era of Advanced Algorithms
[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(5): 119-130.