摘要：
培根认为“知识就是力量”，而知识作为一种力量是体现在行动中的。在人类历史上，每一个时期的人们都试图构造完备的知识体系，可是，能够在行动中发挥作用的知识都是具体的知识。知识生产是有着历史性特征的，在中国等文明古国中，我们所看到的是运用相似性思维而进行的知识生产。分析性思维在工业社会兴起后，许多由相似性思维生产出来的知识变得神秘而不可理解。现在，人类已经走进了风险社会，需要在高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下开展行动，所需要的知识也将不同于工业社会低度复杂性和低度不确定性条件下的知识。风险社会高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下的知识生产是在行动中发生的，会表现为运用相似性思维去进行知识生产。这在思维方式上并不是简单地向农业社会回归，而是在超越分析性思维的意义上重建相似性思维。
Abstract:
Bacon believes that“knowledge is power”, and knowledge as power is reflflected in action. In every period of human history, people try to construct a complete knowledge system, but the knowledge that can play a role in action is specifific knowledge. Knowledge production is characterized by historical features. In ancient civilizations such as China, what we see is knowledge production using similarity thinking. With the rise of analytical thinking in the industrial society, much knowledge produced by similarity thinking has become mysterious and incomprehensible. Now, human beings have entered a risk society and need to act under the conditions of high complexity and high uncertainty. The knowledge required will also be difffferent from that under the conditions of low complexity and low uncertainty in the industrial society. Under the conditions of high complexity and high uncertainty in the risk society, knowledge production will occur in action and be manifested in the use of similarity thinking. This is not a simple return to the agricultural society in the way of thinking, but a reconstruction of similarity thinking in the sense of transcending analytical thinking.
Key words:
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">risk society｜knowledge production｜analytical thinking｜similarity thinking｜cooperative action
张康之. 重建相似性思维：风险社会中的知识生产[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(7): 121-132.
Zhang Kangzhi.
Reconstructing Similarity Thinking: Knowledge Production in the Risk Society[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(7): 121-132.