摘要：
在新冠肺炎疫情的背景下，贝克的风险社会理论再次受到了人们的关注。然而，我们需要对风险社会理论进行批判性反思。人类社会并不是进入工业社会之后才变得风险增加。相反，人类社会从一开始就是高度风险性的。从生存意义上讲，人类社会面临的最大风险是物质短缺，而现代的工业革命恰恰在科技和大工业的基础上可以逐步满足人们的物质需求。贝克的理论反映了人类社会的一种普遍焦虑，即虽然我们越来越进入丰裕社会，但是我们的不安全感却大大增加。绝对风险的减少和对风险感知的增强，成为信息社会的一个普遍特征。贝克的理论实际上是西方末世论的另一新版本。在危机当中，最大的风险并不来自风险本身，而来自人们对风险认知的偏差。如何在风险中增强共同体的社会团结和整体动员能力，以减少风险对脆弱群体更大的伤害，才是在应对风险中需要思考的核心问题。
Abstract:
Under the background of the COVID-19 epidemic, Ulrich Beck’s theory of risk society has again attracted people’s attention. However, we need to critically reflect on the theory of risk society. Human society does not become more risky after entering the industrial society. On the contrary, human society is highly risky from the beginning. In the sense of survival, the greatest risk facing human society is material shortage, and the modern industrial revolution can gradually meet people’s material needs on the basis of science, technology and industry. Beck’s theory reflects a common anxiety in human society, that is, although we are increasingly entering a rich society, our sense of insecurity is greatly increased. The reduction of absolute risk and the enhancement of risk perception have become a common feature of the information society. Beck’s theory is actually another new version of Western eschatology. In the crisis, the biggest risk does not come from the risk itself, but people’s wrong perception of risk. How to enhance the community’s social solidarity and overall mobilization ability in risk, so as to reduce the greater harm of risk to vulnerable groups, is the core issue to be considered in dealing with risk.
张宪丽, 高奇琦.
社会风险化还是心理风险化——对贝克风险社会理论的反思
[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(8): 71-79.
Zhang Xianli & Gao Qiqi. Social Risk or Psychological Risk——Reflection on Beck’s Theory of Risk Society[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(8): 71-79.