摘要：
当代全球资本主义的新变化，在劳动过程方面最突出地表现为劳动者主体性的空前凸显。在当代劳动过程中，劳动者往往呈现出“主体性过剩”的状态，以至于陷入“自我剥削”乃至“相互剥削”的生存窘境之中。对这一现象的把握，要求研究者反思对马克思的政治经济学批判的传统阐释，洞察劳动者的主体性本身同资本主义生产方式之间的共谋关系，并追问造成这一现象的当代全球资本主义秩序的结构性特征。20世纪70年代以来，工人阶级政治力量的衰落、资本过剩导致的劳动过程重构、金融化趋势的扩散、劳动力市场环境的变化、国际产业分工的变化等，共同为“主体性过剩”的现象提供了制度条件。这些变化作为应对“滞胀”危机的一系列“修复机制”，同时也是资本主义秩序的历史性衰落的表征。
关键词:
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主体性过剩｜新资本形态｜新自由主义｜劳动过程
Abstract:
The new changes of contemporary global capitalism are most prominently manifested as the unprecedented promotion of workers’ subjectivity in regard of the labor process. In contemporary labor process, workers usually show a state of“surplus subjectivity”, so that they fall into the existential dilemma of“self exploitation” and even“mutual exploitation”. To grasp this phenomenon requires that researchers reflect on the traditional interpretation of Marx’s critique of political economics, inquire into the collusive relationship between workers’ subjectivity and the capitalist mode of production, and ask about the structural characteristics of contemporary global capitalism that caused this phenomenon. Since the 1970s, the decline of the political power of the working class, the reconstruction of the labor process caused by excessive capital, the spread offinancialization, the change of the labor market environment and international industrial division have jointly provided institutional conditions for the phenomenon of“surplus subjectivity”. These changes are not only a series of“fix mechanisms” to deal with the“stagflation” crisis in the 1970s, but also symptoms of the historical decline of the capitalist order.
Key words:
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surplus subjectivity｜new forms of capital｜neoliberalism｜labor process
中图分类号:
夏莹, 牛子牛.
主体性过剩：当代新资本形态的结构性特征
[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(9): 148-158.
Xia Ying & Niu Ziniu.
The Surplus Subjectivity: A Structural Characteristic of Contemporary New Forms of Capital[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(9): 148-158.