摘要:
作为平台经济发展中最为重要的主体,平台企业在形塑新的社会秩序和生活秩序的同时,也带来了不确定性风险,损害竞争、创新和消费者利益的违法性垄断行为频频发生,并由此形成世界范围内反垄断的浪潮。与传统企业的垄断行为相比,平台企业所实施的策略性垄断行为有不同的竞争特征,基于工业经济时代的事后被动式监管手段无法有力遏制平台企业“天然”的垄断倾向。鉴于此,反垄断执法机关可通过前置式反垄断监管的方式,提前主动开启对平台企业垄断行为的规范活动。证成前置式反垄断事前监管构建的合理性并不意味着无需对其适用进行限制,而应当先从规范与创新发展并重的监管理念、有效市场与有为政府并举的监管态度、强化反垄断的监管目标来保证前置式反垄断监管的科学性,再从适用标准、细化措施、配套制度等方面来确保前置式反垄断监管的良好实施。
关键词:
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平台企业|竞争隐忧|事后被动式监管|前置式反垄断监管
Abstract:
As the most important subjects in the platform economy, platform enterprises are shaping a new social order and order of life, while at the same time bringing with them the risk of uncertainty, illegal monopolistic practices that harm competition, innovation and consumer interests occur frequently and have led to a worldwide wave of anti-monopoly activity. The strategic monopolistic practices carried out by platform enterprises have different competitive characteristics compared to those of traditional enterprises, the“natural” monopolistic tendencies of platform enterprises cannot be effectively curbed by post-event reactive regulation based on the industrial economy. In view of this, the anti-monopoly enforcement authorities can take the initiative to start the activities of regulating the monopolistic behavior of platform enterprises in advance by means of antitrust regulation in a front-loaded manner. It does not mean that there is no need to restrict its application, but weshouldfirst guarantee the scientific nature of front-loading anti-monopoly supervision from the concept of equalemphasis on standardization and innovative development, the regulatory attitude of effective market and effective government, and strengthening the regulatory target of anti-monopoly, then ensure good implementation of frontloaded antitrust regulation by applying standards, refining measures and supporting systems.
Key words:
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platform enterprise|competition concern|post-event reactive regulation|front-loaded antitrust regulation
时建中, 郭江兰.
数字时代平台反垄断的国家行动|论平台经济领域前置式反垄断监管
[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(9): 44-53.
Shi Jianzhong & Guo Jianglan.
Front-loaded Antitrust Regulation in the Platform Economy[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(9): 44-53.