摘要:
近期,我国平台经济领域反垄断呈现出日益强化的趋势,但也面临着不少复杂的情况和现实的挑战,目前在执法与司法实践中需要特别关注三个关键问题。首先,平台市场力量的评估。平台市场力量的评估不应直接跳过相关市场界定,在精简界定时要以面向消费者一端的平台服务内容为主要依据,差别评估聚合平台与单一平台的市场力量,并考虑平台对二级市场的控制力。其次,平台算法共谋的规制。算法可划分为信使型、轴辐型、预测型、自主型四类,自主型算法不违法但有可能转为前三类。事后执法的关键在于扭转执法机构信息不对称的局面,事前规制则宜鼓励平台主动进行敏感算法释明并规范平台的数据获取与应用。最后,控制大型平台对初创企业的无序并购。基于扼杀型并购的竞争损害分析,经营者集中控制制度可做必要的调适,包括将交易额纳入申报门槛、构建分类审查机制以及拓展积极审查与干预的手段。
关键词:
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平台经济|反垄断法|市场力量|算法共谋|扼杀型并购
Abstract:
In recent years, the anti-monopoly in platform economy in China has shown an increasing trend, butit also faces many complex situations and practical challenges. At present, there are three major difficulties. Firstly, the evaluation of platform strength. The evaluation of platform market power should not skip the relevant market definition directly. To simplify the definition, we can take the platform service content facing consumers as the main division, and need to evaluate the market power of aggregation platform and single platform differently, and consider the control ability of the platform to the secondary market. Secondly, the regulation of algorithm collusion. It can be divided into messenger type, hub-spoke type, predictable type and self-learning type. The self-learning type will not violate antitrust law but may be converted into the three types of algorithms above. The key to law enforcement after the event is to reverse the information asymmetry of law enforcement agencies. The regulation should encourage the platform to actively interpret sensitive algorithms and standardize the data acquisition and application of the platform. Thirdly, it controls the disorderly merger and acquisition of the start-up enterprises by controlling the large platform. Based on the characteristics and harm of killer acquisitions, the system of merger control can be adjusted.
Key words:
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platform economy|antitrust law|market power|algorithm collusion|killer acquisitions
王先林, 曹汇.
数字时代平台反垄断的国家行动|平台经济领域反垄断的三个关键问题
[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(9): 54-65.
Wang Xianlin & Cao Hui.
Three key Issues of Antitrust in the Field of Platform Economy[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(9): 54-65.