摘要：
我国《民法典》规定的农地“三权分置”，并非是传统用益物权意义上对“他人所有”享有的权利，其中集体成员身份是关键性条件。同时，这种用益物权也非所有人对用益物权人用益其物的消极义务，而是行使所有权的积极义务，这构成了具有中国特色的用益物权理论。“三权分置”是保护特殊集体成员权利的必要举措，也是实现农业现代化和乡村振兴的必由之路。当下，“三权分置”改革应在认定成员资格、实行特别法人登记、保护合法继承权的基础上，建立集体成员资格退出机制；允许城市人口到一二线城市近郊及三四线城市规划区之外的农村建房置业；鼓励专业经营组织收购“空心村”宅基地使用权进行经营；制定《土地承包经营权和宅基地占有、使用权流转条例》，以进一步细化落实《民法典》相关规定。
关键词:
用益物权,
三权分置,
集体成员资格,
乡村振兴
Abstract:
The“three rights separation”in The Civil Code of China is not the traditional sense of usufructuary
right to“others”, of which collective membership is the key condition. At the same time, this kind of usufruct
is not the negative obligation of the owner to the usufruct, but the positive obligation of exercising ownership,
which constitutes the theory of usufruct with Chinese characteristics. The separation of the three rights is
a necessary measure to protect the rights of the members of special collectives and the only way to realize agricultural modernization and rural revitalization.
Key words:
usufructuary right,
three rights separation,
collective membership,
rural revitalization