摘要：
在国家—社会的结构之下，国家观念是社会心态的核心呈现。中国人的国家观念大致经历了家天下时期的“孝亲忠君”、救亡图存时期的“祖国母亲”、集体化时期的“新中国”及个体化与数字化时代下“阿中哥哥”的变迁。通过历时分析，可以看到国家观念是个人与国家关系在不同时代结构性变迁的产物，其演变过程大致可归纳为“家天下—民族国家—国家主义—个体主义—多元主义”。近代中国社会的巨变虽有其独特文化特性，但仍是人类文明现代性进程的组成部分，有着文明进程的普遍规律。从国家观念演变看，其方向是走出“以家喻国”的家本位观念，逐渐在个人与国家之间建构起理性平和的道德期待与权利关系意识。
关键词:
国家观念,
社会心态,
心态秩序,
文明进程,
现代化转型
Abstract:
Under the structure of state-society, the state concept is the core presentation of social mentality.
Through diachronic analysis, we can see that the state concept is the product of the structural changes in
the relationship between individuals and states in different times, and its evolution process can be roughly
summarized as“family and world - nation and state - nationalism and individualism - pluralism”. Although
the great changes in modern Chinese society have their unique cultural characteristics, they are still an integral
part of the modernity process of human civilization, with the general law of the civilization process. From the
perspective of the evolution of the concept of the state, its direction is to go out of the concept of the family as a metaphor for the country.
Key words:
state concept,
social mentality,
mental order,
civilization process,
transformation of modernization
刘大为. 心态何以文明：普通人国家观念演变的社会构成[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2022(8): 138-145.
Liu Dawei.
Why is Mentality Civilized: The Social Composition of the Evolution of Ordinary People’s State Concept
[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2022(8): 138-145.