经济因素已经成为现代地缘政治冲突中的核心问题。认识俄乌冲突的根源，需要从俄罗斯当今所面临的经济困境入手，借助经济地理学和地缘经济学的视角，深入挖掘俄罗斯经济问题的起源。在认知俄罗斯经济结构特性的基础上，可以发现俄罗斯在当今世界自由贸易体系下存在着源自地理的固有劣势。随着世界地缘经济竞争的日益激烈，这种劣势遭到放大，导致俄罗斯在现代金融、贸易体系中处于被动地位，乃至于被固定在“世界体系”外围位置上。俄罗斯在历史上形成了依靠地缘政治主导地缘经济从而改善经济地理条件的路径依赖。当代俄罗斯也曾试图改善经济结构，以独联体为核心打造欧亚联盟来扭转其在世界经济体系中的不利地位，但欧美对乌克兰事务的深度介入使得俄罗斯的地缘经济布局被一再打破。从这个角度看，俄乌冲突是不可避免的。然而，如果俄罗斯能够转变以地缘政治主导地缘经济的旧有思路，则以和平方式破解困局的契机依然存在。

Economic factors have become the core issues in modern geopolitical conflicts. To understand the root cause of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, we need to start from the economic predicament that Russia is facing today, with the help of economic geography and geoeconomics, to dive deeper into the origin of Russia’s economic problems. On the basis of recognizing the characteristics of Russia’s economic structure model, it can be found that Russia has inherent geographical disadvantages under the current world free trade system. With the increasingly fierce competition in the world’s geoeconomics, this disadvantage has been magnified, resulting in Russia being in a passive situation in the modern financial and trading system, and even being fixed in the peripheral position of the“world-system”. Russia has historically formed a path dependence that relies on geopolitics to dominate the geoeconomy to improve economic and geographical conditions. Contemporary Russia has also tried to improve its economic structure and built the“Eurasian Union”with the Commonwealth of Independent States as the core to reverse its disadvantaged position in the world economic system. From this perspective, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is inevitable. However, if Russia can change the old ideas of geopolitical dominance of geoeconomics, the opportunity to solve the dilemma peacefully still exists.