当代西方发达国家正在迈向后民族主义社会。民族、民族国家和民族主义，是现代个人在萌发和成长的早期超越天然的血缘、地缘等小共同体的束缚而将情感归属与政治忠诚投向更大的共同体的结果。具有权利、尊严与平等意识的现代个人的出现，带来了现代个人主义的价值革命，也推动了以族裔、文化和政治认同为基础的三位一体的现代民族国家认同的形成。而日益以自我为中心，追求更多自由选择、自我表现和自我解放的后现代个人的产生，掀起了后现代主义价值革命。后现代主义者颠覆了现代个人与共同体的关系，将民族或民族国家视为束缚和压迫的力量。后现代主义政治和知识精英们以多元文化主义解构现代民族主体文化，以身份政治和超国家政治解构民族国家族裔属性，同时后民族主义者积极构想后民族国家建制，试图建构抽空了族裔和文化内涵的政治共同体作为后现代人的家园，推动了西方的后民族主义转向。这导致后现代主义的西方个人归属感丧失，国家凝聚力下降，国家族裔和文化根基被蛀空，自由民主活力枯竭，国家面临衰败和解体的风险。在民族国家组成的国际秩序中，其竞争力也受到削弱。重新审视民族国家和民族主义的内涵和价值，认识西方后民族主义的困境，有助于辨清西方文明演变的趋势，避免后现代化的陷阱。

民族主义, 民族国家, 后现代个人主义, 后现代主义价值革命, 后民族主义

Contemporary western developed countries have moved towards a post-nationalist society. Nation, nationstate and nationalism are the results of modern individuals’ emotional affiliation and political allegiance to the larger communities in their early stage of germination and growth, beyond the constraints of natural kinship, geography and other small communities. Individuals with the consciousness of rights, dignity and equality promoted the value revolution of modern individualism, and also promoted the formation of modrn nation-state identity of the trinity of ethnic community, cultural community and political community. The emergence of the increasingly self-centered, self-expressing, and self-liberating postmodern individuals has set off the value revolution of postmodernism. Postmodernists subvert the modern relationship between the individual and community, treating the nation or nation-state as a fetter. Post-modernist elites actively deconstruct nationalism and substitute it with multiculturalism, and promote identity politics and super-national politics to overthrow nation-state identity, while post-nationalists construct a postnational state to provide a post-modern homeland which only needs post-modern individuals’ allegiance to abstract political creeds, which promote the post-nationalist turn of the West. Eventually, the post-modern west fell into some political dilemmas, such as the loss of personal belonging and the decline of national cohesion, erosion of national ethnic and cultural foundations, exhaustion of democratic vitality, and disadvantage in international competition. Therefore, it’s still beneficial to reexamine the connotation of nation-state and nationalism, so as to understand western condition of post-nationalism for comprehending the civilizational tendency of the west and avoid the postmodern pitfalls.

nationalism, nation-state, post-modern individualism, post-modernist value revolution, post-nationalism