摘要：

优绩主义是主导现代社会运行的一项基本原则，效率、公平、个人责任是支持优绩主义的几项基本的现代价值。近几十年来，优绩主义遭到了越来越多、越来越普遍的批评，批评者们从优绩主义之前提条件、原则本身和作用结果等层面对其进行了质疑和反思。这些批评一定程度上触及了实际运行的优绩主义所存在的问题，但是，它们用作批评之依据的一些经验事实和优绩主义原则本身并不存在必然的联系。今天，着眼于社会的正常运行和健康发展，一方面还须坚持优绩主义，另一方面则要通过以下方式来矫正优绩主义：一是营造公平竞争的环境，改善优绩主义正常作用的前提条件；二是拒绝“赢者通吃”，借助与优绩主义并行的原则保护弱者；三是给成功者以尊敬，给未获成功者以尊严；四是在规范市场的同时，倡导并维护价值的多样性。

关键词:

优绩主义, 公平, 尊严, 现代价值, 矫正

Abstract:

Meritocracy is a basic principle that dominates the operation of modern society. Efficiency, fairness and individual responsibility are the three fundamental modern values that support meritocracy. In recent decades, meritocracy has been criticized more and more widely. Critics have questioned and reflected on this principle from various aspects, such as the precondition of meritocracy, the principle of meritocracy itself, and the effect of meritocracy. To some extent, these criticisms touch on the problems existing in the actual operation of meritocracy, but on the other hand, there is no necessary connection between some of the empirical facts used as the basis of criticism and the principle of meritocracy itself. Today, with a view to the normal operation and healthy development of society, we must adhere to the principle of meritocracy on the one hand, and on the other hand, we must correct the principle of meritocracy through the following actions: creating a level playing field to improve the preconditions for the proper functioning of meritocracy; rejecting winner-takes-all and protecting the weak through principles that go hand in hand with the principle meritocracy; to the successful with respect, to the unsuccessful with dignity; while regulating the market, advocating and maintaining the diversity of values.

Key words:

meritocracy,  fairness,  dignity,  modern values,  correction