摘要：

以中国哲学为背景，行动与做“事”相互关联，两者都是人存在于世的基本方式，都需要规范的引导：没有规范的制约，行动和做“事”的过程往往会趋向盲目性、自发性，而行动本身也容易呈现负面性质。规范主要表现为当然，在理论上，当然与实然、必然彼此相关，但不能将当然等同于必然，一旦否定两者的差异，规范就容易衍化为强制性的原则。规范本身具有两重形态：作为目的的规范主要确定行动的方向，它制约着行为过程向何种目标发展；作为手段的规范则关涉以什么样的方式、途径、程序去实现行为的目的或达到行为的目标。作为目的性规范，“人类命运共同体”具有“范围古今中西而进退之”的性质。一方面，这一原则吸纳了仁道、“礼”等传统的规范系统；另一方面，它又涵盖了近代以来启蒙思想所提出的民主、自由观念，并将之融合于自身，在此前提下对此前的相关观念作了进一步的扬弃和超越。

关键词:

行动, 规范, 人类命运共同体, 礼

Abstract:

Against the background of Chinese philosophy, action and doing “things” are interrelated, both of which are basic ways of human existence in the world. They themselves require normative guidance. Norms are mainly manifested as necessity: in theory, necessity are interrelated with reality and certainty, but necessity cannot be equated with certainty. Once the difference between the two is denied, norms can easily evolve into mandatory principles. Norms themselves have a dual form: they contain both purposeful character and instrumental provisions. It is necessary to distinguish between norms as a purpose and norms as a means. As a purpose, norms mainly determine the direction of action: they constrain the development of the behavioral process towards which goals; As a means of regulation, it involves the ways, means, and procedures used to achieve the goals or objectives of behavior. As a purposive norm, “community with a shared future for mankind” has the nature of advancing and retreating in its scope from ancient to modern times in the East and West. On the one hand, this principle incorporates traditional normative systems such as benevolence and propriety; on the other hand, it also encompasses the democratic and liberal concepts proposed by modern enlightenment thought, and integrates them into itself.

Key words:

action,  norms,  community with a shared future of mankind, propriety