数据是数字经济时代必不可少的生产要素，是数字平台进行货币化转化的关键资源。马克思主义政治经济学的研究表明，用户的线上活动实质上是一种具有生产性质的数字劳动。在数据资本化阶段，用户的行为数据成为平台生产数据商品的原材料，资本创造性地打破了雇佣劳动的剥削界限，通过对数据商品价值的私人占有，实现了对无雇佣数字劳动者——用户的剩余价值剥削。为确保数据要素的无限供给，数字平台在数据资本化基础上，不断加强资本数据化的进程。在数据资本驱动之下，平台不断拓展新形式的数据生产空间，加速迈向数据垄断资本主义，通过扩大再生产助推数据资本循环。面对数据资本化与资本数据化，中国应在实践中探索符合数字经济发展趋势的应对之策。

数据, 数字经济, 数字劳动, 数据商品, 数据资本主义

Data is an essential factor of production in the era of digital economy and a key resource for monetization and transformation of digital platforms. Studies based on Marxist political economy show that users’ online activities are essentially a kind of digital labor with productive nature. In the stage of data capitalization, users’ behavioral data become the raw material for the platform to further produce data goods, and capital creatively breaks the limits of exploitation of wage labor. To ensure unlimited supply of data elements, the digital platform has been strengthening the process of capital datalization based on data capitalization. Driven by data capital, they keep expanding new forms of data production space, accelerating towards data monopoly capitalism, and accelerating the realization of data capital cycle through expanded reproduction. Facing the challenge of data capitalism, China should continuously explore ways to respond to the development trend of the digital economy in practice.

data, digital economy, digital labor, data commodity, data capitalism