摘要：

谢宇教授提出了社会科学研究三条基本原理，辨析其中的变异性原理可以发现，该原理并不足以作为基本原理。首先，辨析变异（variation）概念，它可以分为纵向之差与横向之变，量化研究中的变异关注的是量异而非质异，关注属性之异而非生命之变。其次，辨析哲学层次的“原理”概念，其意指世界（思维、存在）的本原或开端。再次，变异性原理本身执念于变，无视不变以及变与不变的思辨统一，且难以自圆其说。社会科学原理体系应该包含初级原理、次级原则和三级法则。初级原理是社会研究的逻辑开端，即对研究对象本身如何确定地存在进行概念辨析，次级原则是基于初级原理的基本预设，三级法则是基于次级原则的基本命题及其体系。该体系的基础是纯粹的概念思辨，它是超越抽象思维而朝向并敬畏事情本身的关键。

关键词:

变异性, 原理, 思辨, 知性思维, 社会科学原理体系

Abstract:

Scholars have proposed three basic principles for social science research, and analyzing the principle of variability among them reveals that this principle is not sufficient as a fundamental principle. Firstly, analyze the concept of variation, which can be divided into vertical differences and horizontal changes. In quantitative research, variation focuses on quantitative differences rather than qualitative differences, and on differences in attributes rather than changes in life. Secondly, analyze the concept of "principles" at the philosophical level, which refers to the origin or beginning of the world (thinking, existence). Once again, the principle of variability itself is obsessed with change, ignoring invariance and the dialectical unity between change and invariance, and cannot justify itself. The system of social science principles should include primary principles, secondary principles, and tertiary rules. The primary principle is the logical beginning of social research, which involves conceptual analysis of how the research object itself is determined to exist. The secondary principle is based on the basic assumptions of the primary principle, and the tertiary rule is based on the basic propositions and systems of the secondary principle. The foundation of this system is pure conceptual reasoning, which is the key to transcending abstract thinking and moving towards as well as respecting things themselves.

Key words:

variability, principle, speculation, intellectual thinking, system of social science principles