摘要：

时间性问题的本质是社会权力结构问题，时间方向问题的背后是权力竞争及其结构化关系形态问题，有关时间性问题的探讨是理解历史变迁的关键。赵鼎新教授在《儒法国家：中国历史新论》中运用历史社会学的进路重构了关于中国历史时间与权力结构变迁关系的解释，提出以“儒法国家”的政体形式重塑中国的历史变迁叙事。尽管《儒法国家》强调要避免时空错置，但在时间问题的处理上仍存在如下值得商榷之处：（1）在若干现代概念代入的背后，存在着主客观时间维度的错位运用之嫌，并制造出时间的迷惑性；（2）“帝制儒学”概念中存在与时间单向延展、时间维度运用相关的矛盾；（3）主导性社会权力结构存在两种影响时间方向的维度，而《儒法国家》对该结构本身的探讨有限，以致忽略甚或错解了经济权力涌动对权力关系结构的影响问题。

关键词:

儒法国家, 社会权力, 权力结构, 时间性, 方法论

Abstract:

The exploration of temporality is fundamental to understanding historical changes. In this book The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History, Professor Zhao Dingxin applied a historical sociological approach to reconstruct the explanation of the relationship between Chinese historical time and power structure changes. He proposed a reshaping of China’s historical narrative through the political regime of the confucian-legalist state. Despite emphasizing the avoidance of temporal displacement, there are still debatable points in his treatment of temporality: (1) The misalignment in the application of subjective and objective temporal dimensions and the resulting confusion; (2) The concept of “imperial confucianism” contains contradictions related to the unidirectional extension of time and the application of temporal dimensions; (3) The dominant social power structure has two dimensions that influence the temporal direction, yet the exploration of this structure itself is limited in the book, resulting in the neglect or misinterpretation of the impact of economic power dynamics on the structure of power relations.

Key words:

Confucian-Legalist State, social power, power structure, temporality, methodology