围绕马克斯·韦伯的“祛魅”概念，在过去半个世纪中已经形成了若干竞争性的叙事，近年来该概念再度成为学术讨论的热点。基于对韦伯晚年文本（《以学术为业》《中间考察》）的深度分析和解读，尝试克服单向的、不可逆的、基于欧洲经验的祛魅叙事的局限性，进而提出一个以价值领域为框架的动态新阐释模型：当一个价值领域“上升”，获得支配其他价值领域的力量时，出现“神圣化”；反之，当一个价值领域“下降”，失去支配其他领域的力量时，则出现“祛魅”或者说“去神圣化”。在现代社会中，神圣因素往往以世俗的、非宗教的样态出现，甚至可能采取祛魅的形态出现。学者因而有两个方向性的可能，即对神圣性进行祛魅，或对世俗之物进行神圣化或者赋魅。其理论叙事亦会对认知和社会进程产生反馈。

祛魅, 复魅, 马克斯·韦伯, 神圣化, 合理化, 价值领域

Several competing narratives have developed around Max Weber’s concept of “disenchantment” in past decades, which has once again become a hot topic of academic discussion in recent years. Through the analysis and interpretation of Weber’s texts in his later years, this paper distinguishes between “disenchantment of the world” and “religious disenchantment”. It attempts to explain the relationship between disenchantment and concepts such as rationalization, secularization and value conflicts. And then it proposes a dynamic interpretation model based on the value sphere: when a value sphere “rises”, it gains dominance over other sphere, “sacralization” occurs; conversely, when a value sphere “declines” and loses the power to dominate other fields, “disenchantment” or “de-sacralization” occurs. In modern society, the sacred element often appears in a secular, non-religious form, and may even take the form of disenchantment. Thus, scholars have two directional choices, to disenchant the sacred, or to sacralize the secular.

disenchantment, re-enchantment, Max Weber, sacralization, rationalization, value sphere