全国统一大市场最大的特点在于“统一”。全面深刻地理解全国统一大市场，需要进一步聚焦“统一”的内容和实现这种统一的路径，这也是高标准建设全国统一大市场最重要的实际操作问题和理论问题。对这个问题的回答直接关系到全国统一大市场建设的方向。从理论层面来看，商品要素资源的自由流动规则与竞争规则是全国统一大市场建设需要统一的基本规则，确立这两种规则需要突出依法治国和法治调控。从实践层面来看，妨碍自由流动的力量主要有三种：一是地理本性；二是地方政府保护与市场分割；三是企业市场势力尤其是平台模式的垄断。其中，破除地方政府保护与市场分割是统一大市场建设的重点。以长三角区域高质量一体化国家战略实践为例，分析其破除行政区经济、加速市场一体化发展的经验可以得出两点启示：一是现阶段的一体化战略，不能从均贫富的理念和要求出发，在发展差距很大的地区间搞民生的“一样化”“一起化”；二是地区间民生发展水平差距的平抑，要通过很长时期的生产率差距的缩小和分配调节逐步来实现，对此要有历史的耐心。

全国统一大市场, 自由流动规则, 竞争规则, 行政区经济, 长三角区域发展

The biggest feature of the national integrated large market is “unification”. A comprehensive and profound understanding of the national integrated large market requires a further focus on the content of “unification” and the path to achieving it, which are the most important practical and theoretical issues for building a high-standard integrated national market. The answer to this question is directly related to the direction of the construction of the integrated national market. From a theoretical perspective, the free flow and competition rules of commodity factor resources are the basic rules for building an integrated national market, and establishing these two rules requires highlighting the rule of law and regulatory control. From a practical perspective, there are three main forces impeding free flow, namely the geographical nature, local government protection and market segmentation, and corporate market power, especially the monopoly of platform models. Breaking local government protection and market segmentation is the key to build an integrated national market. Taking the implementation of the high-quality integrated national strategy in the Yangtze River Delta region as an example, it analyzes its experience in breaking the administrative district economy and accelerating market integration, and draws two inspirations. First, the current integration strategy cannot promote the “equalization” and “homogenization” of people’s livelihoods between regions with significant development gaps. Second, the flattening of differences in the development level of people’s livelihoods between regions must be achieved gradually through reducing productivity gaps and adjusting distribution, which requires historical patience.

integrated national market, free flow rules, competition rules, administrative district economy,  Yangtze River Delta regional development