人口老龄化是 21 世纪人类面临的共同挑战。从历史唯物主义角度看，资本逻辑和人口转变的叠加催生了相对资本过剩的老年人口，引发了老龄社会的老龄歧视和低生产力焦虑。作为对抗老年人口相对过剩风险的社会诉求，生产性老龄化话语的出场，实际上是人口老龄化背景下资本力量扩张和反向社会保护运动之间斗争的结果。因而可以说，生产性老龄化既是老年人在劳动过程中进行自我确证的重要场域，也是消解老龄社会低生产力焦虑的必由之路。然而，这一战略在西方国家的话语表达中强调经济优先和个人责任，事实上是新自由主义体系下福利国家重组的重要工具，其不仅会扭曲老年人的社会价值，还会不断复制老龄社会不平等机制的再生产。对中国来说，应将美好生活需要作为老龄社会治理的逻辑起点，既肯定包括老年人在内的全体人民美好生活需要，又发挥老年人在社会生活和历史发展中的价值贡献，在马克思主义中国化进路中将生产性老龄化的范畴、结构、文化和制度之中国特征转变为中国优势。

人口老龄化, 生产性老龄化, 资本逻辑, 生活逻辑, 生活的生产, 中国优势

Population aging is a common challenge faced by humanity in the 21st century. From the perspective of historical materialism, the overlap of the logic of capital and demographic transitions has generated an elderly population with relative surplus, exacerbating age discrimination and low productivity anxiety in aging societies. As a social demand to counter the risk of relative surplus of elderly population, the emergence of the discourse of productive aging is a result of the struggle between the expansion of capital power and the reverse social protection movement in the context of population aging. Productive aging is not only an important arena for the elderly to affirm themselves, but also a necessary path to eliminate the low productivity anxiety in aging societies. However, in the Western discourse, this strategy emphasizes economic priority and personal responsibility, which is actually a significant tool for the restructuring of the welfare state under the neoliberal system. It not only distorts the social value of the elderly, but also reproduces the inequality mechanism of aging societies. In China, it is necessary to take “the need for a better life” as the fundamental starting point for the governance of aging societies, affirming the needs of all citizens, including the elderly, and realizing their value in social life and historical development. In the process of localizing productive aging in China with Chinese characteristics, it is essential to transform the categories, structures, culture and systems of productive aging into Chinese advantages, and to make unique contributions to global aging governance.

population aging, productive aging, capital logic, life logic, production of life, Chinese advantage