22 岁的王国维从外省来到上海，随即被推到时代风潮的前线。近代上海五方杂处、包容多元，从中孕生出一种讲求诚信和实利的精神形态，而青年王国维独钟情于“哲学”，他以《教育世界》为基地，广泛引介其所谓“纯粹哲学”，为上海迎来“形而上学”的高光时刻。可以说上海也因为王国维，在诚信和实利的基础上更产生某种超越性的精神。王国维从叔本华转向康德，即希望中国人放眼世界、正视现实，树立科学、理性的世界观，他以哲学为纲，以美育为目标，从思维方式、学术传统、大学学科、美育普及到国民人格等方面建构了一套制度移植的现代性方案。然而，哲学“可信”而不“可爱”，理性与感情始终处于矛盾状态，这是王国维的悲剧所在。沪上十年，青年王国维扮演了输入“理性”之光的角色，然而“理性”却激起他的感情反弹，使他对理性的局限产生警觉，也由此给我们提供了一面反思中国“现代性”的历史之镜。

青年王国维, 上海, 康德, 叔本华, 理性, 现代性　

At the age of 22, Wang Guowei came to Shanghai and was immediately thrust into the forefront of the times. Modern Shanghai embraced pluralism, from which a spirit of honesty and practicality emerged. Young Wang Guowei was solely interested in “philosophy”, taking the World of Education as a platform to introduce the “pure philosophy”, which ushered in a high moment of metaphysics in Shanghai. Because of Wang Guowei, a certain spirit of transcendence emerged in Shanghai based on honesty and practicality. Wang Guowei shifted from Schopenhauer to Kant, hoping to encourage Chinese people to look to the world, face reality, and establish a scientific and rational worldview. During his ten years in Shanghai, young Wang Guowei played the role of importing the light of “reason”, but “reason” provoked a rebound of his feelings, and he became alert to the limitations of “reason”, thus providing us with a way to reflect on the history of Chinese “modernity”.

Young Wang Guowei, Shanghai, Kant, Schopenhauer, reason, modernity