摘要：

随着全球性问题的层出不穷和日益复杂化，某些治理领域的国际机制数量显著增加，导致机制间出现功能重叠和资源竞争，国际治理机制的效果随之受到影响。公共卫生领域的危机威胁着全人类的健康与安全，全球卫生治理机制常因未能及时采取应对措施而备受批评。然而，因全球公共卫生领域存在治理目标相似的“包容—竞争型”治理关系，故提升此领域的治理效用颇具现实意义。以世界卫生组织为代表的联合国卫生治理机制是全球卫生治理的核心组成，其治理水平关乎全球卫生治理的成效。全球卫生公共产品的供需对接、卫生治理机制间的关系、制定统一卫生标准与规则的能力以及能否持续提供专业知识与信息等均可用来衡量联合国卫生机制的治理效用。在此基础上，拓宽获取资金的渠道、以内部改革凝聚卫生治理合力、协调相关机制间关系等举措，有助于提升联合国卫生治理机制运转的有效性。

关键词:

全球卫生治理, “包容—竞争型”治理关系, 治理效用, 联合国卫生治理机制, 世卫组织

Abstract:

With the emergence of increasingly complex global issues, the number of international mechanisms in certain areas of governance has significantly increased, resulting in functional overlap and resource competition among these mechanisms, thereby affecting the effectiveness of international governance. The public health sector poses a crisis that threatens the health and safety of all humankind, and global health governance mechanisms are often criticized for their failure to take timely response measures. However, given the existence of a“inclusioncompetition” governance relationship with similar governance objectives in the global public health sector, enhancing the effectiveness of governance in this field holds great practical significance.

Key words:

global health governance,  inclusion-competition governance relationship,  effectiveness of governance,  UN health governance mechanisms,  World Health Organization (WHO)