摘要：

“家”日益成为学界研究的热点并充满争议，关键在于对“国”的属性界定存在分歧。“国”具有政治共同体和国家政权的双重属性，并因为双重属性的侧重点不同而造就了“家”的不同地位和影响。西方文明进程中更加注重从公共权力的角度理解“国”，国家是来自社会又高于社会的特殊公共权力，家国分离。中国更加注重从政治共同体的角度理解“国”，作为人群的社会和作为公共权力的国家被包含其中，家国一体。现代国家建构包括现代国家政权和现代政治共同体的双重建构，一方面需将私人性的“家”与作为公共权力的“国”区别开来，另一方面需将“家”作为现代政治共同体建构的重要组织资源。只有从“国”的双重属性出发厘清家—国关系，才能将“家”安放到合适的位置。

关键词:

家—国关系, 政治共同体, 国家政权, 现代国家建构

Abstract:

“Family” has increasingly become a focal point of research in the academic community, generating debates primarily due to the differing interpretations of the attributes of the “state”. The “state” possesses dual attributes of being a political community and a governing entity, and the emphasis on these attributes determines the distinct position and influence of the “family”. In the progression of Western civilization, the understanding of the “state” leans towards comprehending it from the perspective of public power, where the state is a special form of public power that originates from society and stands above it, resulting in the separation of the family from the state. Conversely, in China, greater emphasis is placed on understanding the “state” as a political community, where society as a collective and the state as a wielder of public power are intertwined, leading to the unity of the family and the state. The construction of the modern state involves the dual construction of both state power and the modern political community. On one hand, it requires differentiating the private nature of the “family” from the “state” as a form of public power; On the other hand, the “family” is recognized as an essential organizational resource for the construction of the modern political community. Only by comprehending the family-state relationship through the dual attributes of the “state” can the “family” be properly positioned.

Key words:

family-state relationship,  political community,  state political power,  construction of the modern state