面对不断滋生的网络暴力，亟待厘清侮辱、诽谤罪在司法适用中的争议。通过对最近五年近百个公开案例进行观察可以发现，侮辱、诽谤罪的适用存在罪与非罪标准模糊、犯罪证明困难、此罪彼罪界限不清、公诉相对保守等问题，已无法适应网络时代治理侮辱、诽谤犯罪的需要。对此，必须明确“一般谩骂”与“诋毁性侮辱、诽谤”的区别；正确认识本罪与强制侮辱罪、寻衅滋事罪之间的界限；适度扩张公诉范围，对这类网络犯罪案件在入口增加“预先公诉程序”，即“按照公诉程序先行审查”的诉讼原则，并对“严重危害国家利益”作限缩解释，努力避免“权力造罪”。

网络时代, 侮辱、诽谤罪, 法益, 司法适用, 预先公诉程序

Faced with the ever-growing online violence, there is an urgent need to clarify the controversial issues surrounding the judicial applicability of insult and defamation crimes. Based on the observation of nearly a hundred public cases in the past five years, we have identified several challenges. The application of insult and defamation crimes suffers from ambiguity in determining guilt or innocence, difficulty in proving the crimes, lack of clarity in distinguishing between different offenses, and a relatively conservative approach to public prosecution. These issues indicate that the current legal framework is inadequate to address the governance of insult and defamation crimes in the internet era. To address this, it is crucial to differentiate between “general abuse” and “defamatory insult and defamation”, and to accurately understand the boundaries between this crime and other offenses such as compulsory insult and the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble. Additionally, expanding the scope of public prosecution in a moderate manner is necessary. For cybercrime cases, implementing a “pre-public prosecution procedure” as a litigation principle, which involves a prior examination according to the public prosecution procedure, can be beneficial. Moreover, it is essential to gradually transform the notion of “seriously endangering national interests” into a symbolic legislation to avoid potential abuses of power.

internet era, insult and defamation crimes, legal interest, judicial applicability, pre-public prosecution procedure