摘要：

网络因具备了消解暴力者“冲突性紧张”的条件，从而导致网络暴力易发。对此，可以从社会认知、社会情绪、社会价值观等社会心态的核心内容层面对网络暴力的发生机制进行分析。其中，信息简化使事实标签化、身份区隔使不同群体观念对立、部分主体为获取流量而误导网民，是网络暴力发生的社会认知机制；因与分享者观念冲突而导致情绪倒错，网络的情绪聚集使得负向情绪相互感染，是网络暴力发生的社会情绪机制；网络去抑制效应下的“道德假期”及施暴者假借道德名义肆意审判和惩罚，是网络暴力发生的社会价值观机制。基于此，应从网络使用者个体、互联网平台、媒体和社会协同治理的角度，探索网络暴力治理的基本路径。

关键词:

网络暴力, 社会心态, 冲突性紧张, 道德假期

Abstract:

The prevalence of online violence is attributed to the inherent conditions of the internet that mitigate “confrontational tension” among individuals. It delves into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of online violence, exploring key aspects of social mentality including social cognition, social values and social emotions. It reveals that the occurrence of online violence is influenced by several social cognitive mechanisms. These include the simplification of information, which leads to the labeling of facts; the segregation of identities, which fosters ideological opposition; and the pursuit of commercial interests, resulting in the misleading of internet users for the sake of gaining traffic. Moreover, social emotional mechanisms also play a role in online violence, such as conflicts with content sharers leading to emotional inversion, and the contagion effect of negative emotions in online environments. Additionally, the “Moral Holidays” effect in online environments, where perpetrators exploit moral justifications to engage in unrestrained judgment and punishment, contributes to perpetuating online violence. To address online violence effectively, it is crucial to explore potential solutions from the perspectives of individual internet users, internet platforms, media, and comprehensive social governance.

Key words:

online violence,  social mentality,  confrontational tension,  Moral Holidays