摘要：

不良信息”型网络暴力的违法特征并不明显，以冷嘲热讽、煽风点火、风言风语、阴阳怪气等表达方式为主，但对当事人造成的伤害并不亚于造谣诽谤、侮辱谩骂、侵犯隐私等传统意义上的网络暴力违法信息。“不良信息”型网络暴力的认定受到现有“违法—合法”信息二分的法源拘束，因违法性侵权性质不强且难以举证，存在规制介入的效率拘束，并且海量不良信息还存在惩戒难以落地的执法拘束。对于“不良信息”型网络暴力的治理，应参考家庭场域中对家庭暴力认定、介入和惩戒的方式。网络空间场域中，用户的社会弱关系和匿名性成为暴力滋长的土壤；海量用户导致个体私事极易成为大众公共问题，使得以个体行为为底层设定的传统法律制度难以适用；网暴受害者极易陷入无力摆脱的、类似家暴“受虐者综合症”的心理瘫痪状态，后续引发的受害者抑郁、自杀等严重后果的法律责任亦难以认定。治理涵盖“良信息”型在内的各类网络暴力行为，须正视网络空间的场域性，为治理网络暴力单独立法以设定专门的认定规则、介入条件和惩戒手段。同时，激活网络不良信息管理制度，并针对施暴主体单独设立告诫书制度及完善相应行刑衔接制度。

关键词:

网络暴力, 不良信息, 场域性, 专门立法, 受害者救济

Abstract:

The illegal characteristics of “harmful information” type of online violence are not obvious. It mainly manifests through sarcasm, incitement and ambiguous expressions. However, the harm caused to the victims is no less than that of false accusations, insults, invasions of privacy, and other forms of traditional online violence. The identification of “harmful information” type of online violence is constrained by the existing legal dichotomy of “illegal-legal” information, making it difficult to provide evidence and enforce regulations efficiently. Moreover, the vast amount of malicious information poses challenges to enforcement measures. Research on the governance of “harmful information” type of online violence should consider the influence of the “field” as a critical factor in the identification, intervention and punishment. In the online space, the characteristics of the field, such as users’ weak social connections and anonymity, become fertile ground for the proliferation of violence. The abundance of users turns individual private matters into public issues, making it difficult to apply traditional legal systems based on individual behavior. Victims of online violence are prone to a state of psychological paralysis similar to the “battered person syndrome” in domestic violence, making it difficult to determine the criminal and civil liability for subsequent severe consequences such as depression and suicide. Comprehensive governance of various forms of online violence,including the “harmful information” type, requires recognizing the field-based nature of online space. It necessitates the establishment of specialized rules for identification, intervention conditions, and punitive measures through legislation, activating the management system for harmful information. Additionally, it is important to establish a warning letter system for perpetrators and improve the corresponding criminal justice system.

Key words:

online violence,  harmful information,  locality,  specialized legislation,  victim relief