随着氯喹和滴滴涕（DDT）的推广应用，以 WHO 的领导下，以美国为首的西方国家在 20世纪中叶开展了“全球根除疟疾运动”。然而，该运动在发展中国家遭遇了一系列困难并以失败告终。发展中国家出现抗药性疟疾，背后存在一系列经济社会治理根源。“全球根除疟疾运动”的失败，揭示了技术与社会文化治理的互嵌以及技术主义的弊端。通过比较西方国家在抗疟运动中的失败和中国现代医疗卫生事业的成功，可以发现技术使用在地化的重要性。公共卫生治理实践在注重技术突破的同时，应该坚持系统思维和全局视野，统筹兼顾社会、政治、经济、文化等多方面因素，持续提升治理能力和水平，更好地助力健康中国建设。

氯喹, 抗药性, 技术主义, 现代化, 技术哲学

With the widespread use of chloroquine and DDT, Western countries led by the United States launched the “Global Malaria Eradication Movement” in the mid-20th century under the leadership of the WTO. However, this movement encountered a series of challenges and ultimately failed in developing countries. The emergence of drug-resistant malaria in these countries can be attributed to a range of economic and social management factors. The failure of the “Global Malaria Eradication Movement” highlights the interplay between technology and sociocultural management aspects, and reveals the pitfalls of technocracy. By comparing the failure of Western countries’ anti-malaria efforts with the success of China’s modern healthcare system, the importance of localized technological implementation becomes evident. While emphasizing technological breakthroughs, public health governance practices should also adhere to systematic thinking and a holistic perspective, coordinating and considering various factors such as social, political, economic and cultural aspects, in order to continuously enhance governance capacity and contribute to the construction of a healthier China.

chloroquine, drug-resistant, technicism, modernization, philosophy of technology