多边主义是建构国际秩序的基本范式，是主要大国致力于掌握秩序权力、塑造秩序格局的关键话语。多边主义话语可以通过国家在国际关系中的空间认知、身份定位和制度评价三个视角来解读。多边主义话语竞争首要指向国家对世界空间的认知及其规治观念的差异。国家继而寻求自身在共同空间中的妥当身份，与此相伴的是国际社会中结构性的身份差别和身份再区分的过程。多边主义话语竞争以国际制度为落脚点，在内容上体现为国家对国际制度契合自身利益、遵守权威界限以及符合公平预期所形成的评价和竞争性诉求。新时代背景下，挖掘多边主义话语竞争背景下的自主性理论，寻求多边主义话语在认识论、方法论层面的实践意义，是“百年未有之大变局”对学界提出的重要使命。

多边主义, 国际话语, 话语竞争, 国际制度

Multilateralism is the fundamental paradigm to build international order, and it is the critical power for major states to build and shape international structure. The competition in multilateralism discourse primarily points to differences in countries’ perceptions of the global space and their concepts of governance. Subsequently, countries seek to establish their appropriate identities within the common space, accompanied by structural identity differences and processes of identity re-differentiation in the international community. The competition in multilateralism discourse focuses on international institutions, embodying in content as countries’ evaluations and competitive appeals based on their alignment with self-interest, adherence to authoritative boundaries, and compliance with fair expectations within international institutions.

multilateralism, international discourse, discourse competition, international institutions