中国在当代世界的崛起为西方学者提供了广阔的比较视角，在涂尔干和韦伯提出了超国家文化统一体“文明”的概念之后，关于文明分析的发展经历颇多坎坷，而比较视角令文明这一议题重新得到关注。人类是由文化构成的独特现实，文明之间的区别是社会文化多样性的根源，“文明”是自主系统的家庭集合，共享共同的文明首要原则，虽然彼此之间没有系统性连接，但在发展过程中相互依存。以此出发，才能更好地理解中华文明所强调的中庸之道、凡事有度、通融与和谐，以及中华文明对不同文化所抱持的有容乃大的务实态度。当下，应当为针对人的研究增添独立的跨文明比较的概念工具，为跨文明比较和全面理解社会生活，系统地搭建必要的理论框架。

中国, 文明分析, 跨文明比较, 概念工具, 层展, 首要原则

The rise of China in the contemporary world has provided Western scholars with a broad comparative perspective. After Durkheim and Weber proposed the concept of “civilization” as a supranational cultural unity, the development of civilization analysis has experienced many ups and downs. The comparative perspective has brought the issue of civilization back into focus. Human beings are a unique reality composed of cultures, and the differences between civilizations are the root of socio-cultural diversity. “Civilization” is a family collection of autonomous systems that share common civilization principles, although there is no systematic connection between them, they are interdependent in the process of development. Only by starting from this can we better understand the golden mean, moderation, accommodation and harmony emphasized by Chinese civilization, as well as the pragmatic attitude of Chinese civilization towards different cultures. At present, we should add independent cross-civilization comparative conceptual tools to the research on human beings, and systematically build the necessary theoretical framework for cross-civilizational comparison and comprehensive understanding of social life.

China, civilizational analysis, conceptual tools, cross-civilizational comparison, emergence,  primary principle