在《民营经济促进法》立法工作稳步推进背景下，梳理、分析影响民营经济发展壮大所面临的现实问题，是推动民营经济高质量发展的应然之理，亦是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化建设的必然要求。其中，民营企业产权的充分保护是民营经济高质量发展的前提，应当在横向和纵向两个层面解决民营企业产权受损时有发生的问题；民营经济高质量发展的结构性难题可归结为融资难，应从完善社会征信服务体系、健全金融机构监管考核以及规范民营企业非正式融资渠道等方面，解决民营企业融资约束问题；劳动法的无差别适用造成了小微民营企业的经营困难，应在特定层面尝试构建小微民营企业的劳动法适用豁免机制，以促进小微民营企业发展壮大；市场准入局限是民营企业发展受限的重要方面，应简化行政许可审批流程、控制行政许可准入裁量要件、强化公平竞争审查刚性约束，优化民营企业市场准入机制。

民营经济, 产权保护, 民营企业融资, 劳动法适用豁免, 市场准入

Against the backdrop of the steady progress in the legislative work of the Law on the Promotion of the Private Economy, sorting out, analyzing, and addressing the practical issues affecting the development and growth of the private economy is not only a natural course of action for promoting its high-quality development but also an inevitable requirement for further deepening comprehensive reforms and advancing the construction of Chinese-style modernization. Among these issues, the adequate protection of private enterprises’ property rights serves as a prerequisite for the high-quality development of the private economy, and it is necessary to respond to the occasional infringement of private enterprises’ property rights at both horizontal and vertical levels. The structural challenge for the high-quality development of the private economy can be summarized as difficulty in obtaining financing, which should be tackled by improving the social credit service system, strengthening the supervision and assessment of financial institutions, and regulating informal financing channels for private enterprises to address financing constraints. The non-discriminatory application of labor laws has posed operational difficulties for small and micro private enterprises. Therefore, attempts should be made to establish exemption mechanisms for the application of labor laws for small and micro private enterprises at specific levels to promote their development and growth. Market access limitations are a significant aspect of the constraints on the development of private enterprises. To optimize the market access of private enterprises, the approval process for administrative licensing should be simplified, the discretionary elements of administrative licensing should be controlled, and the rigid constraints of fair competition reviews should be strengthened.

private economy, protection of property rights, financing of private enterprises, exemption from the application of labor laws, market access