摘要：

民族主义和民粹主义是两种足以重组政治结构、重置权力关系的激进思潮。前者在其概念形成之时便与国家建构联系在一起，是推动现代国家形成的意识形态力量；后者的出现要晚近得多，是一种国家内部因大众不满而形成的政治表达，反映了中下阶层的利益与价值取向。进入21世纪以后，民族主义和民粹主义在西方出现了日渐清晰的合流之势。尽管前者强调民族主权的排他性占有，后者追求人民主权的决定性地位，但是人民的多义性和民族的政治化建立了二者核心范畴的对接关系。作为极具号召力的大众政治思潮，民族主义追求我族与他族的内外区分，民粹主义强调精英与民众的上下区分，由于动员话语的关联、对抗目标的合一和政治光谱的趋同，两种思潮的动员结构出现了纵横交叉。民粹主义与民族主义的最终合流，本质上是两种历史路径不同的政治思潮通过核心范畴对接、动员结构重叠而实现的结果。这一合流强化了极端右翼的意识形态力量，增强了反建制力量挑战和变革既有政治秩序的能力。

关键词:

民粹主义, 民族主义, 人民主权, 民族国家, 意识形态

Abstract:

Nationalism and populism are two radical ideologies capable of restructuring political structures and resetting power relations. The former has been associated with state construction since its birth. It is an ideological force that drives the formation of modern states. The latter emerged much later as a political expression that formed internally due to public dissatisfaction in the country. After entering the 21st century, there has been an increasingly clear convergence of nationalism and populism in the West. As highly appealing popular political trends, nationalism pursues the distinction between internal and external ethnic groups while populism emphasizes the separation between the people and the elites. The mobilization structures of the two ideologies have begun to intersect due to similarities between their campaign languages, merging of adversarial targets, and convergence of their political spectrums. The confluence of populism and nationalism is essentially the result of two political trends with different historical paths connecting through core values and overlapping structures.

Key words:

populism, nationalism, people’s sovereignty, national state, ideology