中国不同所有制混合的产业体系能为技术创新提供何种制度优势？中国国企和民企所处制度环境在治理模式、金融关系、劳资关系、组织网络等方面均不同。不同的制度环境塑造出企业不同的创新优势：国有体制更有利于塑造企业追求长期目标、获得耐心资本、实现稳定的雇佣关系与组织网络的能力，因此国企在“长周期技术”产业创新方面更具优势；民营体制则更有利于塑造企业的市场反应与组织调整能力，因此民企在“短周期技术”产业创新方面更具优势。所以，中国产业体系中国企与民企是互补的，双方基于各自优势，展开多样的产业布局，追求不同领域的技术创新，从而展现不同于西方发达国家的创新制度优势。多样且互补的产业创新体系既是中国式现代化的重要特色，也能为广大后发展国家提供创新发展的路径借鉴。

技术创新, 制度多样性, 技术周期, 国有企业, 民营企业

What institutional advantages can China’s mixed ownership industrial system provide for technological innovation? The institutional environment in which state-owned enterprises and private enterprises operate is different in terms of governance structure, financial relations, labor relations, organizational networks. Different institutional environments shape different innovation advantages for enterprises. The state-owned enterprises usually can pursue long-term goals, own patient capital, and have stable employment and coordination networks, and thus have more advantages in the innovations in “long-cycle technology”. In contrast, private enterprises are usually more responsive to market and more flexible in adjusting its production networks, and thus have more advantages in the innovations in “short-cycle technology”. Therefore, the Chinese-styled innovation system with state-owned and private enterprises, provides a unique advantage in full-range technological innovations, which embodies a different path of modernization.

technological innovation, varieties of institutions, technological cycle, state-owned enterprises, privateenterprises