伴随量子力学理论对经典物理学的突破，重新考量因果关系和时间性迫在眉睫。当定域性不再是构成量子作用的必要条件时，量子纠缠现象对以时空联系为规定性的传统事本体论产生直接冲击，对以客观事物实在性为基础的现代定域实在论提出挑战。由于传统本体论无法解释微观世界，量子力学也无法解释宏观世界，逆向因果论就成为第三条出路。该路径对因果性概念重新作出解释，不同事件之间的联系发生了根本变化，但是时间顺序在因果关系中随之成为一种偶然特征。已有的时间理论将时间概念作为心理方式难以应对量子力学的挑战，而符合我们直觉的因果关系也无从解释量子力学。我们将“时间反演对称性”作为一种形而上学的时间概念，基于对可能世界的理解，以反事实条件句为前提，对原因和结果的区分不再依赖事件发生的时间顺序。当代学者仍难以对逆向因果和时间反演对称性之间的关系进行解释，两者应分属不同的解释模型。

时间反演对称性, 逆向因果, 量子力学, 可能世界

With the breakthrough of quantum mechanics theory in classical physics, it is urgent to reconsider causality and temporality. When locality is no longer a necessary condition for quantum interactions, the phenomenon of quantum entanglement directly impacts the traditional ontology of things based on spatiotemporal connections, and challenges the modern local realism based on objective reality. Due to the inability of traditional ontology to explain the microscopic world and quantum mechanics to explain the macroscopic world, reverse causality becomes the thirdway out. This path reinterprets the concept of causality, fundamentally changing the connections between differentevents, but the chronological order becomes a contingent feature in causal relationships. The existing theories oftime, which use the concept of time as a psychological mechanism, are difficult to cope with the challenges ofquantum mechanics, and causal relationships that conform to our intuition cannot explain quantum mechanics. Wetake “time reversal symmetry” as a metaphysical concept of time, based on our understanding of possible worlds andusing counterfactual conditional sentences as a premise, distinguishing between cause and effect no longer dependson the chronological order of events. Contemporary scholars still face difficulties in explaining the relationship

between reverse causality and time reversal symmetry, and the two should belong to different explanatory models.

time reversal symmetry, reverse causality, quantum mechanics, possible world