按照自然认知演化的生命、感知、意识、心智和智能的内在发展逻辑，在结构、功能和行为上模拟，人工认知挑战自然认知的相应认知策略呈现为：人工生命的指号表征认知策略，其自主性源于内部的指号显现能力；人工感知的预知性表征认知策略，从面向现在的能力进化到面向未来的抽象认知能力；人工意识的语境涌现认知策略，将意识视为一种聚集行为，一种产生于动态在线互动、自主主体与其所嵌入的环境的耦合过程；人工心智的多智能体交互生成策略，通过调节交互主体的行为提升主体的认知能力；人工智能的文化塑造认知策略，设想将文化适应性嵌入人工认知系统，以便创造出基于文化的抽象符号表征。这五个方面的挑战预计会对未来人工智能在认知能力上的提升有重要启示。

人工认知, 自然认知, 认知策略, 文化塑造, 适应性表征

Artificial cognition challenges the strategies of natural cognition, simulating the internal development logic of life, perception, consciousness, mind, and intelligence in structure, function, and behavior according to the evolution of natural cognition. The corresponding cognitive strategies of the simulation process are: The index representation cognitive strategy of artificial life, whose autonomy comes from the internal index manifestation ability; The predictive representation cognitive strategy of artificial perception has evolved from present oriented abilities to future oriented abstract cognitive abilities; The emergence of cognitive strategies in the context of artificial consciousness regards consciousness as a collective behavior, a coupling process arising from dynamic online interaction, autonomous agents, and their embedded environment; The multi-agent interaction generation strategy of artificial mind enhances the cognitive ability of the interacting subject by regulating their behavior; The cultural shaping cognitive strategy of artificial intelligence envisions embedding cultural adaptability into artificial cognitive systems in order to create abstract symbolic representations based on culture. These five challenges are expected to provide important insights for the improvement of cognitive abilities in future artificial intelligence.

artificial cognition, natural cognition, cognitive strategy, cultural shaping, adaptive characterization