治理研究的基本议题是理解政府与人民的关系，而以人民为中心的治理则是这一关系的中国表达。当前中国正处于市场化、城市化与全球化交织驱动的历史巨变中，社会结构快速变迁，人民需求深度重塑。基于矛盾分析，这些结构性变化主要包括：阶段性增长滞缓引发生活期许的不确定性、线上社会的崛起助长群体价值观的撕裂、线上市场的兴起激发资本—新劳动者之间的冲突、全球性平台与国家和社会之间边界的模糊。而这些变化也带来了相应的治理挑战：公共政策的标准化与人民诉求复杂性之间的矛盾、民意回应的及时性与被隐匿的民意之间的矛盾、价值承诺的饱和度与行政资源的有限性之间的矛盾、技术的广泛应用与组织痛点被遮蔽之间的矛盾、线上治理与线下治理交叉叠加的矛盾、非常态治理与常态治理之间有效切换的矛盾以及国内治理与全球治理逻辑相斥之间的矛盾等。对大国发展而言，有必要基于这些挑战确立全新的大治理观，并在更精准的需求回应、更有效的财政支出、更细致的政策工具、更科学的常态治理、更整体的组织变革及更系统的国家治理等方面进行制度设计和机制设计。

人民需求, 人民群体结构, 大治理观, 治理思想, 矛盾分析

The fundamental issue in public governance research is understanding the relationship between the government and the people, with people-centered governance serving as the Chinese expression of this relationship. Currently, China is undergoing a historical transformation driven by the intertwined forces of marketization, urbanization and globalization, resulting in rapid changes in social structures and a profound reshaping of people’s needs. Based on contradiction analysis, these structural changes primarily encompass phased growth stagnation and uncertainty in life expectations, the rise of online society and the fragmentation of group values, the emergence of online markets and conflicts between capital and new laborers, and the blurring of boundaries between global platforms and the state and society. These changes have also brought about corresponding governance challenges, including contradictions between the standardization of public policies and the complexity of people’s demands, between the timeliness of public opinion responses and hidden public opinions, between the saturation of value commitments and the limited availability of administrative resources, between the widespread use of technology and the obscuring of organizational pain points, between overlapping online and offline governance, between effective switching between abnormal and normal governance, and between conflicting logics of domestic and global governance. For the development of a major country, it is imperative to establish a new grand governance perspective based on these challenges and to design institutional and mechanistic frameworks in areas such as more precise demand responsiveness, more effective fiscal expenditures, more detailed policy tools, more scientific normal governance, more holistic

organizational change, and more systematic national governance.

people’s needs,  people’s group structure, grand governance perspective, governance thoughts, contradiction analysis